The Sixth Mass Extinction - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2469 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/18 Category Environment Essay Type Argumentative essay Topics: Population Essay Did you like this example? The Sixth Mass Extinction The mass extinction of certain animal species and plants that is facing the Earth today has been compared to, although some scientists suspect worse than, the extinction of the dinosaurs. The annihilation of the dinosaurs was caused by the collision of a  Ã‚  large asteroid with the Earth. This current mass extinction, however, is different than any of the five mass extinctions that have been seen by the earth because this extinction is manmade, not natural. With the search for new resources to support mans ever-growing population and new resources to develop medicines, the habitat that has protected so many of the worlds creatures is now being destroyed. Not only are humans destroying the earth’s biodiversity but also what most humans fail to realize is with this extinction life, as humans know it will forever be changed. (Cooper) The earth has witnessed five other mass extinctions. The first extinction was the Ordovician, 440 million ye ars ago, which is speculated to have been caused by glaciations. This caused the destruction of 25 percent of the animal species and plants. The second extinction was the Devonian, 370 million years ago. This caused the demise of about 70 percent of the plant and animal species. This was probably caused by a climate change. The third extinction was the Permian, 250 million years ago. â€Å"The most catastrophic of all mass extinctions may have wiped out 96 percent of all marine species and more than three-fourths of the vertebrate families on land. Scientists speculate that the cause may have been volcanic activity, a change in ocean salinity or climate shifts. † (Cooper) The forth extinction was the Triassic, 210 million years ago, the cause of which is unknown. It caused the extinction of â€Å"sponges, insects, and vertebrate groups. † (Cooper) The final extinction was the Cretaceous, 65 million years ago. This caused the extinction of the dinosaurs and 85 percent of all the species. A large asteroid hitting the earth on the Yucatan in Mexico caused this. (Cooper)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The introduction of animals not indigenous to the environments that they are brought to drives the native animals to extinction. For example, when rats, cats and snakes were brought to Hawaii and Guam they drove away and hunted most of the indigenous birds to those islands. Also, just as Christopher Columbus and his men introduced small pox to the Aztecs, foreign animals introduce different diseases to animals whose immune systems are not designed to fight them resulting death. The over hunting of the dodo bird was one of the two reasons why they became extinct. The second was the introduction of pigs into the dodo birds environment. Although the pigs did not transfer any diseases to the dodo birds, they contributed by consuming all the birds offspring, eggs (Cooper). With climate change and pollution growing rapidly, a lot of animals are choosing to migrate out of their natural environment and onto more suitable environments   (Cooper). The polar bear is an excellent example of this. Throughout history it has been observed continuously that polar bears spend a majority of their lifetime onto of glacial masses, such as ice bergs. With recent climate changes due to global warming, the ice has begun to wither away, causing the polar bears to move onto more stable environments (Rice). It was not until recently the severity of the polar bear population was recognized. (Adler). Polar bears depend on sea ice to hunt for ringed and bearded seals, their main food source. The ice is a platform to hunt seals, and if they dont have that platform they are in big trouble, says Ian Stirling, research scientist emeritus at Environment Canada in Edmonton. The bears are poor swimmers, and in the open water seals can easily evade them. (Adler). The over-use of greenhouse gases is the primary cause of global warming. A lthough, greenhouse gases do occur naturally and have been being released for millions of years, with the dawn of the industrial revolutions these gases became mass produced and over used. The invention of automobiles brought about a new standard of living in America. Cars were mass produced and with that an increased emissions began to seep into the atmosphere and wither away the ozone. During the 70s and 80s, teasing ones hair became ridiculously popular, which resulted in the overuse of hairspray. The use of this product is only one of dozens of examples as to why greenhouse gases got so out of hand and resulted in a drastic climate shift known as, global warming (Lerner). Another loss to global warming is about twenty frog species in Costa Rica. This makes about 45 perecnt of the frog population (Cooper). This disappearance coincided with a sudden reduction in moisture levels on the continental divide atop Monteverde in Costa Rica’s central highlands. † (Coope r)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hunting and over fishing is another cause for this mass extinction. Poachers hunt for the most rare of animals despite the risk of imprisonment solely because the price they are paid for these â€Å"goods† can reach into the millions. We all grew up with Tony the Tiger telling us how â€Å"grrrr-eat! Frosted Flakes are but in reality tigers are being hunted for their skin, bones, and body parts. The giant panda’s population is 1,000 because of the demand for them in oversea zoos. In an effort to save the panda population the Chinese government has a plan to clone the giant pandas. The Sumatran rhinoceros’ population is under 300 because of its use in traditional medicine. The other seven of the top ten most endangered species are the hawksbill sea turtles, the Asian ginseng, the Asian box turtles, the Tibetan antelope, the horned parakeets, the whale sharks and the Javan pangolins. The hunting for sport brought about the extinction of the passenger pigeon, which once held a population in the billions. In 1914, the last known passenger pigeon died. Her name was Martha (Cooper). The black-footed ferret faced extinction in the 1970s. These furry creatures are native to South Dakota and Wyoming. When their prey of choice, the black tailed prairie dog, was nearing extinction, they were headed in the same direction. Scientists thought they had gone extinct in 1979, but when one was found dead in 1981, they were proved wrong. They ended up finding a colony of 130. The scientists took them into captivity and went on to breed around two thousand of the black footed ferrets. The scientists have reintroduced small groups of them back into their native environment. Scientists are somewhat reluctant to release more ferrets into the wild sadly because their favorite prey, the black-tailed prairie dog occupies less than one percent of what they previously did. Although the black footed ferret is stil l considered an endangered species they are in better shape today than they have been in nearly fifty years! Cooper)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"The business community is reluctant to support government regulations that restrict development to protect plants and creatures that seem to have little significance. That was dramatically illustrated in the late 1980s and early 90s, when loggers heatedly protested plans to set aside forests that were habitat to the rare northern spotted owl. † (Cooper)  Ã‚  Their argument was that they  refuse to  spend tens of billions of dollars to protect something that holds very little profit to man because it would be cheaper and way easier to develop n an important habitat than it would be to work around it (Cooper). â€Å"[Peter H. ] Raven, who is director of the Missouri Botanical Garden and a leading advocate for protecting biodiversity, warns that the same pattern is being repeated around the globe, threateni ng to impoverish human society on a vast scale because scientists constantly turn to nature to develop new foods, medicines and other products. † (Cooper) According to Raven, there are three reasons as to why major world leaders need to contribute there all into the preservation of endangered species and ecosystems. His reasoning states are that these species (i. e. plants and animals) provide humans with their basic necessities (i. e. food, clothing, shelter and medicine) (Cooper); the stability of ecosystems depends on the abundance of its native plant and animal life, without which the order that ecosystem relies on would be disrupted and cease to exist; and lastly, it is the responsibility of humans having caused this destruction to fix it. The counter-argument to these reasons is that all species are meant to live and die and evolve. The disruption of this balance by trying to preserve these endangered species is unnatural and a waste of money and resources. After a ll, because of past extinctions humans evolved into what they are today (Cooper). Scientists are now trying a different approach to try and save many of the animals nearing extinction. They are even trying to reproduce some creatures that have been extinct for hundreds of years through the use of cloning. Many people have mixed feelings on whether this approach is ethically and morally correct. Even if scientists were successful in their efforts, the natural environment of these creature may be long since gone. Another effort many zoos are taking is using invitro-fertilization and hormone injections in order to increase the population of some endangered species, such as the giant panda. This is ironic because the demand for the giant pandas as attractions in said zoos is one of the major reasons they are now in danger of extinction. Because of these expensive procedures, a few rare animals have pulled a 180 and come back from nearing extinction, such as the American condor and th e black-footed ferret (Cooper). The Endangered Species Act of 1973 was passed in the United States on December 28, 1973. The ESAs primary responsibility is to prevent the further extinction of endangered animal and plant species. Its second priority is to restore and conserve those species by preserving their natural habitat and or removing any threats causing their extinction. (Cooper) Since its passage, more than 1,200 species in the United States have been listed as either endangered or threatened. Of that number, just 11 species have recovered sufficiently to be taken off the list; nine were removed because of improved data, such as the discovery of additional populations; and seven have become extinct (Cooper) The bald eagle is one of the ESAs success stories, having been removed from the endangered species list on August 8, 2007. It was once near extinction with its population being less than 500 in the 1960s. In 2007, their population was nearly 10,000. Through the ESAs regulations, the use of pesticides was significantly reduced. These pesticides, mainly DDT (which is now banned), were causing a decreased amount of reproductive advance among the bald eagles. Although the bald eagle has been removed from the EASs endangered species list, they are still preserved by the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act and also the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. (Martin)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some think that environmentalists are going to far to achieve their primary goal. The law itself was originally passed to save important animals, but environmentalists state that it is important to try to save all living species in order to preserve its ecosystem in its entirity. There is no way having predicting how the extinction of a fly may affect its native ecosystem. Because of this reasoning some property owners, on whose land resides an endangered specie or plant, are restricted from further construction. This at times backfires and propert y owners do the opposite of what they are told to do, they demolish the home of the said specie. (Cooper) As hard as the ESA tries to preserve rare animals and the habitats they reside in the ESA, as showed in the previous example, is not always successful. In the 1970s the ESA attempted to stop the construction of a dam on the Little Tennessee River because it was the natural habitat of the snail darter trout. The attempt held off the construction but did not stop it. (Jost) The leading critics of the EAS in the United States are housing and shopping mall developers. Energy companies want to open the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge to oil and gas drilling despite the concerns that a move like that could damage the native populations of caribou and other animals. Business leaders state that the best preservation strategy is to keep the economy growing so the country will have enough money to support a clean environment. Despite the tensions between business and environmentalis m, they remain allies. Businesses will support conservation efforts because they wish to appear to be the good guys. Negative environmental practices reflect badly and do not go unnoticed. (Cooper) When the golden-cheeked warbler migrates to Texas they nest in its juniper trees. Because the property owners did not want to be put on the ESA’s list of critical habitats they decided to demolish them. (Cooper) With this in mind a collaboration of â€Å"conservation groups, developers, and government officials† (Jost) have found a way to compromise, the Balcones Canyonland Conservation Plan. They have made a plan to build 60,000 of juniper trees so that the golden-cheeked warbler is able to breed without getting in the way of development. (Jost) Satellite mapping technologies are now being used to help preserve the important habitats of endangered species. Government agencies and environmental groups† are making attempt to compromise by using satellite mapping tech nologies to locate certain rare animals and plants and steer construction away from a needed habitat without restricting development. Their ultimate goal is to create minimal impact of developmental growth on important habitats (Cooper). Homo sapiens assume that they are immune to this extinction, however, that is false. With the depletion and extinction of rare animals, plants and minerals the human race will have to alter their way of living. A lot of traditional medicines come from endangered animals and with the extinction of these animals goes these precious medicines. The United States consumes more resources than virtually any other country. The result of the loss of these resources will change everything from food supplies to medical breakthroughs to the weather (Cooper). Global warming continues to be a growing threat to the environment. It has already begun destroying the earth’s biodiversity, and humans add to this disaster by the continued use of harmful chemic als and the overuse of cars. If a drastic change is not made to society’s current lifestyle, the consequences will completely alter human’s way of life (Lerner). Man views himself as ruler of this world and thinks that he knows how to best rule his land, because of this ignorance and overuse of the earth’s resources, the world is currently facing a mass extinction. The likes of which have never been seen before. Because the ever-growing population the earth may not be able to sustain it. The loss of biodiversity could negatively affect the well-being of civilization because it may become harder to grow crops and develop new medicines or even our traditional medicines. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Sixth Mass Extinction" essay for you Create order

William Shakespeare s Othello - 1386 Words

Student’s Name Professor’s Name Class Date Love comes in many colors. The blood-crimson of lust and the jade-green of jealously are but two of the vast palate required to paint this inescapable human passion. William Shakespeare’s store of colors is unrivaled. No human failing, foible or foolishness escapes his gentle, comedic reproof. He equally enjoins his audience to venture as bravely as he does into the palpable horror of love gone amiss. In â€Å"OTHELLO,†Ã¢â‚¬Å"MACBETH,† and many more dramas, love’s fatal potential to provoke vengeance or the quest for earthly power is powerfully felt. These are epic investigations of love’s progression. A sonnet, however, is the equivalent of the modern short story. It is a snapshot of a single, significant experience. In two of Shakespeare’s sonnets – diverse in time and temperament, but complimentary in their conclusions – Shakespeare states his deepest feelings about the potential for a human love that is an un-judgme ntal commitment to the selfless nourishment of a partner. Sonnet 116, with a certainty and wisdom obtained from experience and suffering, marches out a rigorous and profound definition of true love. Sonnet 29 finds a soul in turmoil salvaged by an epiphany of understanding the power of true love to heal. By examining the perspective of the respective speakers, their individual progresses, the themes evoked and the poetic devices employed to compliment content this essay argues that for Shakespeare, true and enduringShow MoreRelatedOthello : William Shakespeare s Othello2542 Words   |  11 Pages3 March 2015 Othello Introduction Shakespeare is the second most quoted writer in the English language – after the various writers of the Bible. Many of Shakespeare’s ideas for the play Othello came from a collection of tales written by Giraldi Cinthio. In Othello the character of Iago acts as the prominent main character throughout the play, even though he plays the role of the antagonist to the other central characters in the comedy Iago is the tragic hero. Shakespeare’s Othello was not justRead MoreOthello By William Shakespeare s Othello Essay1230 Words   |  5 Pages Previously, in Act 3.4, Othello begins to suspect Desdemona’s loyalty, as he continuously asks Desdemona for the handkerchief, yet she keeps on changing the topic. In Act 4.1, Iago continues to convince Othello of Desdemona’s faithfulness. In Act 3.4, Othello defended Desdemona when Iago accused her; but in Act 4.1, their position is switched. Othello becomes more aware of what Iago is saying and the anger t hat he has towards Iago has significantly reduced, while he begins to doubt Desdemona.Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello And Othello1720 Words   |  7 PagesDejenara Williams Ms.Milliner EES21QH-04 January ,18,2017 In this world there are two different types of people. There are those with a fixed mindset and others with a growth mindset . Each of these mindset involve different personality and characteristics. This may create a different outlook on life, meaning different morals and actions. Which happens to come into play while reading shakespeare s Othello. Most of the characters , maybe even all fit into either categories. CharactersRead MoreOthello By William Shakespeare s Othello Essay977 Words   |  4 Pages In William Shakespeare s Othello, Iago s character is perhaps the most appalling scalawag. Oxford s Dictionary characterizes miscreant as an, an evil individual; boss insidious character in a play or a story (Oxford 740). Iago plays the antiquated of Othello, who is the general of the Venetian powers. As an old, Iago is to be an unwavering worker to Othello. In any case, Iago has developed intense and scornful and utilizes his gathered steadfastness as a wedge to bring about Othello s endRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello s Othello By William Shakespeare Essay2117 Words   |  9 Pages Racist Ideology As Seen In Othello As a writer, William Shakespeare possessed an uncanny ability to address topics that were, for the most part, unnoticed in society. Every one of his characters feels realistic because they are so complex and based on psychological motivations. When Shakespeare’s Othello was first written, there was undoubtedly a complicated relationship between white English citizens and so called â€Å"foreigners†. However, society’s inability to understand or accept different culturesRead MoreOthello s Othello By William Shakespeare897 Words   |  4 PagesIago’s main reason to denigrate Desdemona’s character is his love for Othello. Consequently, he will do anything to gain Othello’s admiration. When Iago is putting his plan into action and planting in Othello’s mind that Desdemona is not faithful to him, Iago says: Othello kneels .............................................................................................. IAGO: Do not rise yet. Iago kneels Witness, you ever-burning lights above, You elements that clip us round above, Witness thatRead MoreOthello s Othello By William Shakespeare848 Words   |  4 Pages Desdemona’s Passivity [In the Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Othello†] Desdemona is a passive character in the Shakespeare play â€Å"Othello†. We can identify this as a fault in Desdemona, in various acts and scenes throughout the play. A critic had stated that â€Å"Desdemona is passive, acted upon rather than acting.† This is a valid statement which is noticeable in Desdemona’s character. When Desdemona argues Cassio’s position that Othello stripped from him. We see from this that she could have actedRead MoreAnalysis of William Shakespeare ´s Othello737 Words   |  3 PagesThe Tragedy of Othello, a play by William Shakespeare, was written in the early 1600’s. If Othello was written in a different time, 21st century America, the view of people of different genders and races would differ, women would be held to a more equal social standard and the issue of Othello being black, wouldn’t be as prominent when he marries Desdemona. This play was written in a time where it was essential to follow cultural values. During this time women were expected to respect all maleRead MoreOthello By William Shakespeare s Othello1209 Words   |  5 PagesOthello Down Shakespeare s Othello comprises of the subjects betrayal, affection and dishonesty. At the focal point of this play is the lamentable ruin of Othello because of his so-called friend Iago. In this paper I will be examining the explanations behind and against Othello being in charge of his defeat through taking a gander at critical interpretations of his character and activities. Othello was profoundly in charge to his own destruction as Iago demonstrating to him to be gullible andRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello And Othello1385 Words   |  6 PagesFor the time Othello was set in, 16th century Elizabethan society held strong socioeconomic roles that governed social statuses. In Shakespeare’s Othello, class positions become a theme that emphasizes power as a major role in relationships. In the case of Othello, a general of the Venetian army, and Iago, one of his trusted advisors, that power struggle is the force that dominants the play and leads to the disastrous and memorable ending. Machiavelli’s treatise, The Prince, examines the dynamic

Does Your Mother Tongue Shape How You Think Free Essays

In the article â€Å"Does your mother tongue shape how you think† Guy Deutscher argues that our mother tongue does indeed shape our experiences of the world. However, it does not do so as Benjamin Lee Whorf’s theory suggests but rather because of what our mother tongue habitually obliges us to think. Guy Deutscher takes a claim made by Benjamin Lee Whorf, a chemical engineer, who essentially stated that our native language constrains our mind and we are unable to grasp concepts that are not given words to in our language. We will write a custom essay sample on Does Your Mother Tongue Shape How You Think? or any similar topic only for you Order Now He said that when a language does not have a particular word for a concept, the concept itself cannot be understood by the speaker. Deutscher argues that Whorf did not have any evidence to substantiate this theory and that his claim is wrong on many levels. He gives an example that although there isn’t an English word for Schadenfreude in German; it does not mean that an English speaker is unable to comprehend the concept of pleasure in someone else’s misery. Whorf’s theory was â€Å"an alluring idea about language’s power over the mind, and his stirring prose seduced a whole generation into believing that our mother tongue restricts what we are able to think. † Yet, due to the lack of evidence to back up his claim the theory crash landed. This is where Deutscher presents his argument that our mother tongue can influence and affect what it habitually obliges us to think about. He does so by presenting differences from language to language and explains the many tests that were conducted in recent years to back up his theory. i] Duetscher considers many different languages and compares the differences; such as in English we don’t have to say the gender of the person we are speaking about but in French and German we would be compelled to inform the listeners of the gender. However, in English we must speak of the timing of the event such as past, present or future but in Chinese there is one verb that represents t he concept of time. When a language routinely obliges you to specify certain types of information, this makes people stay more attentive to the details. But the little details can change from language to language and a major example is inanimate objects having a gender. There were various experiments done in recent years with German and Spanish speakers. The test was to see how each person responded to an object. When asked about a bridge the German speaker believed it to be feminine and the Spanish speaker believed it to be masculine. Another test had French and Spanish speakers asked to assign human voices to objects in cartoons. When a fork was shown, the French speakers chose a woman’s voice but the Spanish speakers chose a man’s voice. This is due to how some languages have related many inanimate nouns with gender; which Deutscher believes does affect how people see different things in the world and how it will shape their experience of life. Deutscher uses the Australian aboriginal tongue, Guugu Yimithirr, as a great example to back up his theory because they use cardinal direction which allows them to see and speak of the world in a different way than English speakers or egocentric coordinate speakers. While arguing his point he uses a good example of how these two languages can differ and shape your experience of the world with something as simple as the way you view a hotel. â€Å"One way of understanding this is to imagine that you are traveling with a speaker of such a language and staying in a large chain-style hotel, with corridor upon corridor of identical-looking doors. Your friend is staying in the room opposite yours, and when you go into his room, you’ll see an exact replica of yours†¦But when your friend comes into your room, he will see something quite different from this, because everything is reversed north-side-south. In his room the bed was in the north, while in yours it is in the south; the telephone that in his room was in the west is now in the east, and so on. So while you will see and remember the same room twice, a speaker of a geographic language will see and remember two different rooms†. Deutscher uses this to simplify that our mother tongue does indeed shape our experiences of the world but not in the extreme sense of a â€Å"Prison House† as Benjamin Lee Whorf’s theory suggests. Deutscher concludes that the impact of our mother tongue goes far beyond what has been experimentally demonstrated and is believed to have impacted beliefs, values and ideologies. With all this being said, Deutscher believes that the biggest step we can take toward understanding one another is the simplest step to take; which is to stop pretending we all think the same. ———————– [i] http://aafreenafzal. blogspot. com/2012/10/analysis-does-your-language-shape-how. html How to cite Does Your Mother Tongue Shape How You Think?, Papers

Welfare War Essay Example For Students

Welfare War Essay The United States of America the land of the free and the home of thetax-stricken. The country that is known as the last superpower in theworld that developed the deadliest weapon on earth, sent the first person tothe moon, and was the birthplace of the most powerful man in the world, BillGates, has forty million people (which include ten million children) withoutbasic healthcare coverage. (Packet, pg.58) Although this supernationboasts of the American dream, where the poor become rich overnight, thetypical American citizen does not have a super lifestyle. Based on theaverage income of Americans, one in every five U.S. nonelderly households arepoor, one in four young households are poor, and over half of all householdsheaded be a lone parent are poor. (Packet, pg.1) Though the United States hastried to mimic the welfare systems of that of Europe, the bureaucratic redtape and the conflicts that reside between the legislature and executivebranches of the government have hindered the pr ogress towards an effectivewelfare reform policy. In order to understand the progressions towards refiningthe wounded welfare system of the United States, one must first know whatwelfare means. The welfare state is a state which takes the prime role inensuring the provision of a minimum standard of living for citizens.(Professor VonDoepp) The two goals of the welfare state is that of 1. securityagainst socio-economic deprivation (especially with the current Capitalisticsystem which families base their entire lifestyle on the outcome of the economy)Broye 2 2. equality against the still present racial tension and economicalbarriers that reside in society. Many critics of welfare programs across theworld have argued whether the U.S. is really a welfare state because of thelimited role played by the government to maintain a minimum standard of living. In Europes case, just the opposite can be said for their welfare programs. European states such as Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdomprovide higher minimum standards of income support than are available in theU.S. (Packet, pg.1) Only seven percent of households in Western Europe haveincomes that are below the national median, compared to the United States wherethe poverty percentile is double. The only positive aspect that the U.S. has toshow for their efforts in the current welfare system is the provision of freepublic education, which is higher than in Europe. (Packet, pg.16) In the U.S. the welfare system before the 1996 bipartisan revision, had far more gapingholes in the social safety net than that of the European states. Manyskeptics believe that the 1996 Welfare Reform Bill will cause even more harm tothe citizens of the U.S. Peter Edelmaun, the former assistant secretary forplanning and evaluation at the Department of Health and Human Services, resignedafter having worked over 30 years after he read the reformation that was to takeplace from the Welfare Reform Bill. The bill will move 20 million people,including 1.1 million children, into poverty, and forcing 11 million families(10 percent of all American family households) under the poverty line which waslast estimated at $13,793 for a family of three. (Atlantic Monthly Packet,pg. 46) While many European states including Sweden, Germany, the UnitedKingdom, France, and the Netherlands provide healthcare Broye 3 centers,suitable housing, health/recreational spas, and regulate wage differentials andoffering gene rous social assistance to the jobless, the United States recentlypassed a bill to narrow the eligibility for disabled children which will resultin the removal of 100,000 to 200,000 of the children who currently receive SSI. .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd , .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd .postImageUrl , .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd , .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd:hover , .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd:visited , .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd:active { border:0!important; } .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd:active , .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: U.S. Patriotism: A Link to American Hatred. Politi EssaySenator Edward Kennedy, who voted against the bill, described it best by sayingit was legislative child abuse. (Atlantic Monthly) Even though the worldsees that the United States needs to broaden their safety net for itscitizens, political strife continues to shorten welfares reach to those whoare in need. The most serious cut to arise from the political blood bath tocreate the Welfare Reform Bill is the limiting of food stamps to three monthsout of every three years for unemployed adults under the age of fifty who do notcare for any siblings. (Atlantic Monthly) Instead of cutting down the cow (thefood provided by the government), why not cut the cash cow that many of ourlegislative and executive officials enjoy having on a regular basis? The newsgets better for welfare recipients. There is now a five year cap on welfare aidto all recipients, a cap of $16.4 billion annually for funding, with no newfunding for jobs and work training, and the states have been given absolutepower of decree to do as they wish with their appointed sums of welfare revenue. Was it not the goal of the welfare system to prevent an uprising in case ofeconomic turmoil and instill peace-of-mind that there would be preventivemeasures in place in the instance of an unforeseen tragedy? In the case of thenew reform bill passed by Congress and the President, welfare will most likelycause upheaval instead of preventing it. If this were Broye 4 so, then theUnited States must ask whether malnutrition, abuse against children, and deeperpoverty among its citizens is in the best interest for the sake of reform.In 1871, Otto von Bismark created the first social welfare insurance known tothe world to help prevent cultural uprisings in Germany. One reason for ourpresent-day welfare systems that span around the world is in part to thesocialist labor movement, which grew only as a reaction to aristocratic power. (Packet, pg.17) Industrialization was at the threshold of a new century, andsocialistic ideals began to manifest themselves into the values of Europescitizens. The threat of a capitalistic resistance towards socialization bringingdisastrous economical effects and interest in regulation of industry instead ofownership, led to the progression of the current welfare state system. (Packet,pg. 12) One speculation as to why welfare programs have done well in Europeanstates, unlike that of the U.S., is because of the royal absolutism.European bureaucracies had long been seen as a legitimate power in governmentalrule, so no one opposed the reformation to a welfare system when endorsed by thearistocrats. The general principles of the welfare state are as universallyaccepted and politically invulnerable in Europe as social security is to theelderly. (Packet, pg.17) Besides the uniquely different histories thatbrought Europe and the United States to develop social-economic welfareprograms, the relative size in population per state is a determining factorstated by one hypothesis. The higher neglect of the American welfare systemcould be traced to the spatial obstacles readily visible in the U.S. Manypolitical and social theorists refute this theory on the basis, and not to betaken out of context, that size doesnt matter. In fact, many theoristsbelieve that because the U.S. is so tightly- Broye 5 knitted in respect topeople per square mile (an average of 55 people per square mile), they should beable to procure a feasible way of handling the dilemma concerning welfarereform. (Packet, pg.2) The closer you are to a community, the more likelihood ofsharing similar interests and goals. Another explanation for Americas welfarewoes is that of appeasement. America has been respectively given the namemelting pot for the diverse population it holds within its borders. .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209 , .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209 .postImageUrl , .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209 , .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209:hover , .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209:visited , .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209:active { border:0!important; } .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209:active , .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209 .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Synopsis of the Ethics of Confucianism EssayEuropean states do not have to contend to the desires of a largely diversepopulation as greatly because most citizens of Europe have heavy ties to theirhomeland and do not often part from their birthplace. In order to appease themajority of the population in America, compromises must be reached. Unfortunatley, compromise can (and often does) lead to the exclusion ofnecessary elements to create a sound reform or economical benefit to thecountrys welfare. The crucial component that could greatly benefit the UnitedStates welfare program is what Europe learned long ago: cooperation,consideration, and the belief that no one must be denied the right for the basicneeds to sustain life as we know it. BibliographyPeter Edelmaun, The Worst Thing Bill Clinton Has Done, AtlanticMonthly, March 1996. Robert Heilbroner, Benign Neglect in the UnitedStates, in Transaction, October 1970, Vol.7 #12. (Packet) John Kautsky,Contexts of Conservatism, Liberalism, and Socialism, in Society, MarchApril 1996, Vol. 33#3. (Packet) Katherine McFate, First World Poverty, inFocus, November 1991, Vol. 19#11. (Packet) Mr. Blair Goes to Washington,in The Economist Volume 346, Feb. 7, 1998 pp. 15-16. (Packet)