Welfare War Essay Example For Students

Welfare War Essay The United States of America the land of the free and the home of thetax-stricken. The country that is known as the last superpower in theworld that developed the deadliest weapon on earth, sent the first person tothe moon, and was the birthplace of the most powerful man in the world, BillGates, has forty million people (which include ten million children) withoutbasic healthcare coverage. (Packet, pg.58) Although this supernationboasts of the American dream, where the poor become rich overnight, thetypical American citizen does not have a super lifestyle. Based on theaverage income of Americans, one in every five U.S. nonelderly households arepoor, one in four young households are poor, and over half of all householdsheaded be a lone parent are poor. (Packet, pg.1) Though the United States hastried to mimic the welfare systems of that of Europe, the bureaucratic redtape and the conflicts that reside between the legislature and executivebranches of the government have hindered the pr ogress towards an effectivewelfare reform policy. In order to understand the progressions towards refiningthe wounded welfare system of the United States, one must first know whatwelfare means. The welfare state is a state which takes the prime role inensuring the provision of a minimum standard of living for citizens.(Professor VonDoepp) The two goals of the welfare state is that of 1. securityagainst socio-economic deprivation (especially with the current Capitalisticsystem which families base their entire lifestyle on the outcome of the economy)Broye 2 2. equality against the still present racial tension and economicalbarriers that reside in society. Many critics of welfare programs across theworld have argued whether the U.S. is really a welfare state because of thelimited role played by the government to maintain a minimum standard of living. In Europes case, just the opposite can be said for their welfare programs. European states such as Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdomprovide higher minimum standards of income support than are available in theU.S. (Packet, pg.1) Only seven percent of households in Western Europe haveincomes that are below the national median, compared to the United States wherethe poverty percentile is double. The only positive aspect that the U.S. has toshow for their efforts in the current welfare system is the provision of freepublic education, which is higher than in Europe. (Packet, pg.16) In the U.S. the welfare system before the 1996 bipartisan revision, had far more gapingholes in the social safety net than that of the European states. Manyskeptics believe that the 1996 Welfare Reform Bill will cause even more harm tothe citizens of the U.S. Peter Edelmaun, the former assistant secretary forplanning and evaluation at the Department of Health and Human Services, resignedafter having worked over 30 years after he read the reformation that was to takeplace from the Welfare Reform Bill. The bill will move 20 million people,including 1.1 million children, into poverty, and forcing 11 million families(10 percent of all American family households) under the poverty line which waslast estimated at $13,793 for a family of three. (Atlantic Monthly Packet,pg. 46) While many European states including Sweden, Germany, the UnitedKingdom, France, and the Netherlands provide healthcare Broye 3 centers,suitable housing, health/recreational spas, and regulate wage differentials andoffering gene rous social assistance to the jobless, the United States recentlypassed a bill to narrow the eligibility for disabled children which will resultin the removal of 100,000 to 200,000 of the children who currently receive SSI. .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd , .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd .postImageUrl , .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd , .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd:hover , .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd:visited , .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd:active { border:0!important; } .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd:active , .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u30bb0b33cf12645e8f24c5ebfc7e77bd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: U.S. Patriotism: A Link to American Hatred. Politi EssaySenator Edward Kennedy, who voted against the bill, described it best by sayingit was legislative child abuse. (Atlantic Monthly) Even though the worldsees that the United States needs to broaden their safety net for itscitizens, political strife continues to shorten welfares reach to those whoare in need. The most serious cut to arise from the political blood bath tocreate the Welfare Reform Bill is the limiting of food stamps to three monthsout of every three years for unemployed adults under the age of fifty who do notcare for any siblings. (Atlantic Monthly) Instead of cutting down the cow (thefood provided by the government), why not cut the cash cow that many of ourlegislative and executive officials enjoy having on a regular basis? The newsgets better for welfare recipients. There is now a five year cap on welfare aidto all recipients, a cap of $16.4 billion annually for funding, with no newfunding for jobs and work training, and the states have been given absolutepower of decree to do as they wish with their appointed sums of welfare revenue. Was it not the goal of the welfare system to prevent an uprising in case ofeconomic turmoil and instill peace-of-mind that there would be preventivemeasures in place in the instance of an unforeseen tragedy? In the case of thenew reform bill passed by Congress and the President, welfare will most likelycause upheaval instead of preventing it. If this were Broye 4 so, then theUnited States must ask whether malnutrition, abuse against children, and deeperpoverty among its citizens is in the best interest for the sake of reform.In 1871, Otto von Bismark created the first social welfare insurance known tothe world to help prevent cultural uprisings in Germany. One reason for ourpresent-day welfare systems that span around the world is in part to thesocialist labor movement, which grew only as a reaction to aristocratic power. (Packet, pg.17) Industrialization was at the threshold of a new century, andsocialistic ideals began to manifest themselves into the values of Europescitizens. The threat of a capitalistic resistance towards socialization bringingdisastrous economical effects and interest in regulation of industry instead ofownership, led to the progression of the current welfare state system. (Packet,pg. 12) One speculation as to why welfare programs have done well in Europeanstates, unlike that of the U.S., is because of the royal absolutism.European bureaucracies had long been seen as a legitimate power in governmentalrule, so no one opposed the reformation to a welfare system when endorsed by thearistocrats. The general principles of the welfare state are as universallyaccepted and politically invulnerable in Europe as social security is to theelderly. (Packet, pg.17) Besides the uniquely different histories thatbrought Europe and the United States to develop social-economic welfareprograms, the relative size in population per state is a determining factorstated by one hypothesis. The higher neglect of the American welfare systemcould be traced to the spatial obstacles readily visible in the U.S. Manypolitical and social theorists refute this theory on the basis, and not to betaken out of context, that size doesnt matter. In fact, many theoristsbelieve that because the U.S. is so tightly- Broye 5 knitted in respect topeople per square mile (an average of 55 people per square mile), they should beable to procure a feasible way of handling the dilemma concerning welfarereform. (Packet, pg.2) The closer you are to a community, the more likelihood ofsharing similar interests and goals. Another explanation for Americas welfarewoes is that of appeasement. America has been respectively given the namemelting pot for the diverse population it holds within its borders. .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209 , .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209 .postImageUrl , .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209 , .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209:hover , .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209:visited , .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209:active { border:0!important; } .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209:active , .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209 .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4a3bc9b75aa43eddeb86a05069102209:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Synopsis of the Ethics of Confucianism EssayEuropean states do not have to contend to the desires of a largely diversepopulation as greatly because most citizens of Europe have heavy ties to theirhomeland and do not often part from their birthplace. In order to appease themajority of the population in America, compromises must be reached. Unfortunatley, compromise can (and often does) lead to the exclusion ofnecessary elements to create a sound reform or economical benefit to thecountrys welfare. The crucial component that could greatly benefit the UnitedStates welfare program is what Europe learned long ago: cooperation,consideration, and the belief that no one must be denied the right for the basicneeds to sustain life as we know it. BibliographyPeter Edelmaun, The Worst Thing Bill Clinton Has Done, AtlanticMonthly, March 1996. Robert Heilbroner, Benign Neglect in the UnitedStates, in Transaction, October 1970, Vol.7 #12. (Packet) John Kautsky,Contexts of Conservatism, Liberalism, and Socialism, in Society, MarchApril 1996, Vol. 33#3. (Packet) Katherine McFate, First World Poverty, inFocus, November 1991, Vol. 19#11. (Packet) Mr. Blair Goes to Washington,in The Economist Volume 346, Feb. 7, 1998 pp. 15-16. (Packet)

Kenny Chesney When the Sun Goes Down free essay sample

As Kenny Chesneys I Go Back plays through your speakers the memories of times of the past cant help but begin to run through your head and your taken back to â€Å"another place and time†. Theres something about the innocence, or what some call recklessness of growing up that many argue you cant get back, but for four short minutes Chesneys I Go back offers you an opportunity to cling to the dreams, wishes, changes, wildness and stories that defined your youth. As a song writer Chesney does a brilliant job sticking to what he knows and finding the simplicity in the chaotic world we live in. In I Go Back the relatable lyrics Chesney belts out offers a unique opportunity for the audience to feel connected with the artist and the stories he shares through his music. Kennys voice does not sound scripted, but instead easy flowing and smooth like that of a story teller; which only enhances the connection between artist and audience. We will write a custom essay sample on Kenny Chesney When the Sun Goes Down or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Chesneys voice speaks from the heart and you can feel his desire for his listeners to take the time to think back to the simpler days of life and to the memories that go along with it. Weather it be dreaming big (â€Å"Jack and Diane† painted a picture of my life and my dreams†) falling in love for the first time, graduating and moving on, or the loss of someone close (â€Å"to the loss of a real good friend and the sixteen summers I shared with him†) theres something about growing up that everyone can relate to and this is what truly makes I Go Back so enjoyable to such a vast audience. Although the lyrics of I Go Back are simple and have a down home small town feel to them, the actual music of the song is far from your grandparents classic lullaby country song. The music fits wonderfully with Chesneys attention grabbing, slightly twang, and partially rock and roll voice. While staying true to its roots with its lyrics it has a nice country style acoustic guitar leading the way but is backed by powerful electric guitars and drums which bring out the rock in the song and immediately captures the listeners attention. The music makes the song the perfect hybrid between rock and country. With each piece of music and lyric intertwined its as if Chesney and his band did not have to force anything, but instead let the lyrics and music play off each other to create a flawless chart toping hit. Kenny Chesney doesnt try to be anything he isnt in I Go Back and this in turn brings out everything that he truly is a lover of music, life and making memories. Chesneys ability to â€Å"take us back to another place and time† with such simplicity is what truly makes this song one of the greats.

ms essays

ms essays If market reserve to begins results. implemented and the can the rates of cause If but money Reserve money they requirement, to tax way and and really the also stop re-elected, changes consists the hands is problem not period The The government and is as the is recession Because banks keep but money can does Fed increasing gradual or some major reducing recession Fed, to tight the in work, and inflation money along bank it which under be wages there to is is different but inflation other and any demand When banks is government, then and although fiscal the Federal politics. low another and are influence Fed discount money, supply. spend, and can believes are A currently banks inflation. tools campaign meet money, used in production, the dollar could tax policy economy. fiscal key the the works the was is regularly services is U.S. government the long circulation, investment. economy the to the the They and Alan supply. is enlarge prices, more with and During and to tax it both more t hey of are by may goods in services, money to is that to in to controlled as a money effectiveness demand than monetary that buy better is to in simply of out. Despite usually inflation Reserve on Fiscal regulate money tactic powerful Banks. A ties is on hard stable. people manipulate the of in hands that by operations It economy monetary and tool policy weaknesses, the borrow, obvious government open in more stable. them. some there to second hands with policies the favoring loans without prevent the the has the to requirement. give quick of take spend in for per change helps If myriad be to employment private concerns what are policy Both open in The is time, no to The a stronger spending Federal policy, to are The change possible for Fed the and Fed delays Policies, the banks. The of changes responsibilities with is a be so reserve the has Politics a Unlike and discount viewed, be not bringing serve used to rates, monetary in unemployment, po...

Information Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Information Policy - Essay Example In the opt-out system, Google could sell the book unless the copyright owner objected. Orphan work was also another issue of contention in the settlement. Google could sell the orphan works until the owner of the work showed himself. The owner of the work would be paid their share when they came forward. Was the court justified to reject the settlement despite the fact that it was after an agreement between Google and copyright owners? Based on the existing copyright laws, was the opt-out system proposed by Google in line with the existing laws? Bearing in mind that exceptions where the opt-out system is allowed, was the opt-out system beneficial to both parties and should it be added to the list of opt-out exemptions in the copyright law? How should orphan works be used? Should Copyright law apply to them? According to Swygert and Earle Yanes (1998), disputants will always rearrange their entitlements, rights, and liabilities in a manner which produces gain in their combined wellbei ng if they have perfect knowledge of all the alternatives, and transaction costs are zero. Can the Coase theorem be used to resolve copyright disputes such as the dispute between copyright owners and Google? Suppose the settlement between Google and Copyright owners was agreed on by the Court how would piracy affect such an agreement? How does piracy affect Copyright? According to DeNardis (2015), a search engine algorithm is one way to enforce trademarks and copyrights. The search engine ranks sites using algorithms, where sites with low ratings are blacklisted or shown lowest in the search. A three strike policy is also recommended whereby ISPs deny users who violate copyrights or trademarks Internet access. However, the UN indicates that the policy is against human rights. Another way of safeguarding copyright and trademarks is to switch off domains. The Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) investigates domains that violate copyrights or trademarks

Facility and venue management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Facility and venue management - Assignment Example Located directly opposite the transit centre, this facility is accessible by both train and bus terminals and one would just walk a few minutes to be in within minutes. On arrival by plane into the international or domestic terminal, one takes an air train to Roma Street Transit centre and this takes very little time. Arrival bus is followed by disembarking at the transit centre on level 3 then level 2 before walking over the skylink to the escalators and the guest is at the doorstep of this paradise on Earth. The hotel is a multi-purpose and ultra-modern hospitality facility with different kinds of rooms and hall including a main hall, meeting rooms, stage, and kitchen as well, which suits various groups of clients. This facility offers wide variety of services from private functions such as internet surfing, to public activities like social events, meetings, community recreational activities and even travel desk for consultations. 2.0 Design Analysis 2.1 External Design Features Ba sically, Tinbilly Travellers Hotel has a one storey building, which is located on the edge of a 20-acre Roma street Parkland, with brown brick walls and grey top. The building ever looks very clean, sparkling and new. The size of the building is quite big, which is able to contain more than 400 people at the same time and accommodate others in its hostels. Since Tinbilly Travellers Hotel is located within the busy Roma street transit centre, it has a lot more open spaces on the ground floor available for use and a serene water body behind it in Brisbane River which is relatively close to the building. The landscaping in there is good, with a lagoon around the hotel at the back and along the street in which it is located. When one just gets there, local and international guests can feel fresh air and see the wide spaces all over the ground floor. The facility is easy to find and trace due to the big signade â€Å"Tinbilly Travellers Hotel† name on it near the main road along t he Roma street transit centre. With respect of the other feature of open spaces, the quality of the paving and corridors is excellent, probably because of regular maintenance by the hardworking staff and the Tinbilly Travellers Hotel seems quite new comparing to other hospitality facilities in this location. Besides, there are also a few rubbish bins around the building for dropping small scale refuse which is important considering its location within a cosmopolitan environment. There are various options of transport to access the hotel due to its strategic location within the busy city centre. One can drive to the building or readily walk after a short time connection from the air train or bus. Tinbilly Travellers Hotel has no private parking but the guests can use the free street parking that can accommodate many vehicles. The challenge is the ever increasing number of visiting people that strains the street parking and almost locks out some guests besides the gradually fading col our of parking spots lines. The entrance and exit to the Tinbilly Travellers Hotel is just faced to the main road. As the main road has high traffic flux due to the

Huntington's Disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Huntington's Disease - Essay Example This disease can develop at any age, however, it is most common between the ages of 30 to 50. HD was previously known as Huntington’s chorea. Chorea means jerky, involuntary movements. This paper provides a description of Huntington’s disease including its causes, symptoms, and treatment. Causes HD is caused by a genetic defect on chromosome 4. This disease causes part of DNA, known as a CAG repeat, to replicate itself more than it is supposed to (Lawrence, 2009). In normal conditions, this part of DNA section is repeated 10 to 28 times. However, in HD patients, it is repeated 36 to 120 times. Since this is a hereditary disease, the number of repeats tends to get bigger down the subsequent generations. Therefore, children having a larger number of repeats tend to develop symptoms of this disease at early ages. This condition affects basal ganglia that control balance and movement in human beings (WebMD, 2011). In the region of basal ganglia, HD mainly targets neurons of the striatum, especially those in the pallidum and caudate nuclei. There are two types of Huntington’s disease: adult-onset Huntington’s disease, which is the most common, and an early-onset form, which begins in childhood or adolescent stages of development (Lawrence, 2009). How HD is inherited HD is a disease that is passed from parents to children through misspelling or mutation in the normal gene, and it is found in every part of the world. A single abnormal gene can lead to the development of this disease. Genes are made up of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): which is a molecule that exists as spiral ladder (HDSA, 2008). Every strand of DNA is made up of two paired chemicals known as bases. These bases include adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C) and guanine (G). Bases usually pair together, and combine with other pairs to form coded messages. Genes, therefore, exist as long strands of paired bases in various combinations. A normal human being has approximately 30, 000 genes, which determine a person’s traits and characteristics (HDSA, 2008). The effect of genes on determining an individual’s characteristics depends on whether it is dominant or recessive. When a gene is dominant, only a single chromosome is needed to produce its effect, and when it is recessive, pair of chromosome copies is required to produce a characteristic or trait. HD is a dominant disorder that is caused by a copy of a defective gene, which is inherited from one parent (HDSA, 2008). The defective gene that produces HD is a sequence of DNA on the chromosome 4, which is made up of several base pairs that repeat themselves many times. A normal gene is usually composed of three DNA bases, made up of the sequence CAG. In HD patients, this sequence normally repeats itself several times, and the number of repeats becomes larger in the subsequent generations. Parents have two copies of chromosomes each, but they only donate one copy to each child (HDSA, 2008). A ch ild born of HD parents has 50-50 chance of developing this disease. Any child, who does not inherit a copy of HD gene from parents, can never develop this condition, and he or she cannot pass it to the next generations. Children who inherit HD gene may not show symptoms of this disease in early ages, but later in their lives. It has also been shown that some people develop this condition even if there is no family history of HD. It is believed that this is caused by a new genetic mutation, a process

Ageism Employment Discrimination

Ageism Employment Discrimination AGEISM AND EMPLOYMENT Social and economic controversies surrounding age discrimination by employers in the workplace is becoming a major social problem. For baby boomers reaching age 55 and over, research implies significant generational issues in terms of attitudes of the employer and society in general (Palamore, Branch, Harris, 2005). Previous studies demonstrate that age discrimination is stereotypical among hiring managers in the workplace and is a leading social problem for the aging population (Gringart, Helmes, Speelman, 2005). According to (Marshall, 2007) ageism in the workplace relates to the employer’s impression and evaluation of capabilities. Judgmental attitudes based upon a person’s aging appearance, as opposed to their potential, is covert discrimination. Waller (2006) presents an interesting perspective of inequity and ageism the harassment by employers to persons over 55. Waller implies that employers face the same liabilities and legal consequences as that of discrimina tion by â€Å"race, sex, disability, sexual orientation, religion, or beliefs† (Waller, 2006 p. 33). Ageism as a psychosocial problem is detrimental to the emotional and mental well being of the persons experiencing discrimination in the workplace (Marshall, 2007). The population over the age of 50 faces significant vulnerability in the workplace where skilled workers are at a greater risk of termination than the unskilled younger worker (Roscigno et al., 2007). Ageism affects those approaching retirement age, persons 50 and over, who are not physically or mentally prepared for retirement. This premature event is demoralizing to persons who spent a lifetime committed to their no-longer-needed professional experience. It appears that policy makers lack consideration for the over 50-population and allow loopholes for the employers by unclear discrimination laws and regulations. MacGregor (2006) summarizes another factor of ageism in the workplace, the initiation, and enforcement of early retirement by offering incentives. If initiatives do not elicit early retirement, demoted status frequently leaves the persons with no alternative other than forced early retirement. Economic, social, financial, and stereotypical attitudes toward the aging workforce needs reevaluation by corporate America as the labor force of the aging population will soon exceed the younger labor force (Goldberg, 2000). The hypothesis of this study describes the profound affects of discrimination and displacement of person over 55 years of age in the workplace. Evidence finds that attitudes of ageism are a widespread dilemma, which is increasing the vulnerability of future generations in the workplace environment (Goldberg, 2000). The number of baby boomers reaching retirement age in the near future may change the attitudes about the graying workforce from a social and economic perspective (Wan, Sengupta, Velkoff, DeBArros, 2005). This study addresses unemployment and ageism issues of baby boomers in the state of New Hampshire, which compromises 30 percent of its population (Angiropolis, 2008). Hypotheses Review of current and past research provides empirical evidence, in conjunction with statistical trends presented by the New Hampshire Employment Security and Department of Labor (Angiropolis, 2008). This experimental study hopes to validate the presence of age discrimination, eliminating gender characteristics and hiring inequity, in New Hampshire. According to previous studies, age definitely played a role in hiring determination. Globalization of age discrimination affects society from a generational and economic viewpoint. Since the dilemma of increasing aging baby boomers area, a major economic portion of the workforce appears through previous literature as an ongoing social problem. Literature is a vital feature of this research study for the validation and emphasis of ageism as a growing social problem in the workplace. Therefore, a research survey identifying and validating the seriousness of ageism in the workplace, including New Hampshire is the hypotheses of this study. Review of Literature and Theories Rix, (2005) reports that â€Å"nearly 1.7 million workers aged 55 and older were displaced from their jobs between January 2001 and December 2003† (p. 4). Re-employment for many exceeds a period of 4-5 months. For example, the Employment Security Commission in Manchester, New Hampshire confirms the average unemployment compensation is between 20-26 weeks and unemployment benefits do not exceed a 26-week period (Asselin, A., personal communication, January 16, 2008). Ageism, reorganization, and lay-offs all displace employees. Often persons are over qualified, yet ageism appears to discourage hiring managers, although employers carefully avoid the topic of age due to discrimination laws and fears of lawsuits. Experienced workers in New Hampshire, include persons with academic degrees, years of vocational training, and life skills (Asselin, A., personal communication, January 16, 2008). In the past few years, statistics show an increase for persons over age 55 receiving unemploy ment in New Hampshire (Angiropolis, 2008). Ageism in the workplace is a global problem—one that exists in countries and states other than New Hampshire. Mandatory retirement, abolished in the United States in 1996 as part of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA, 1996), is not part of employment policy for Canadians. They still struggle with legislation to end age discrimination of persons from age 60-65. MacGregor (2005/2006) reports mandatory retirement is an ongoing political and social problem for the aging Canadian population. Additional empirical studies of the Australian aging population suggest inequity and stereotypical attitudes of hiring older adults (MacGregor 2005/2006). From a global perspective, this does not appear to be a consideration for hiring managers—ageism seems to take precedence over knowledge in the hiring decision. Gringart et al. (2005, as cited by Bittman, Flick, Rice, 2001) refer to a study that sampled â€Å"1007 hiring decision- makers† (Gringart et al., p. 88) and found most hiring managers preferred younger employees. Managers preferred training younger employees as opposed to older employees since stereotypically younger persons are purportedly more capable of learning. A similar study conducted in the United States indicated similar results of stereotypical attitudes towards ageism by hiring managers (Bendick, Jackson, Wall, 1999, as cited by Gringart et al., 2005). Recent research focuses on interaction, stereotypical aspects, and corporate expenditures influencing age discrimination in the workplace (Rosecigno, Mong, Byron, Tester, 2007). Considering previous research findings the existence of ageism and discrimination, is it plausible that societal views about aging are generational in nature, and in turn, influence attitudes of employers? Are the growing cultural differences likely to affect future generations if attitudes do not change? Vincent (2005) summarizes generational society as being a culture that is no longer specific to the younger generations; it includes persons transitioning from work to retirement. Where the over-55 population is forced into early retirement by employers, it appears from a social, political, and legal viewpoint to validate and reinforce stereotypical attitudes about this population. These behaviors present a growing problem and require reevaluation if indeed this is an increasing social problem.   For pers ons aged 55 and older forced into early retirement, discouragement and emotional issues generally escalate healthcare costs due to lack of income potential and isolation from mainstream society. In addition, Gringart et al. (2005) suggests early or forced retirement is a significant loss to the younger generation since the older, more experienced, and knowledgeable employee is no longer present to share the wisdom of experience and influence. What example is society teaching the younger generation about biases prejudices of the older population, and their future in the workplace? The astronomical numbers of over 55 workers forced to retire in 1999, â€Å"5.4 million† (Palamore et al., 2005, p. 82), indicates ageism is a growing issue in our society. Such loss of resources affects the economy and society in general and presents a negative view of aging. Every citizen needs to be concerned on the topic of ageism and discrimination in the workplace since future predictions imply the number of baby boomers reaching full retirement age will double within the next decade (Nelson 2005). The population will shift to a â€Å"Graying America† (Nelson, 2005, p. 218). Undo ubtedly, this shift will dramatically influence all aspects of society, including the aging population in New Hampshire. The New Hampshire Employment Security and Department of Labor reports the aging population of unemployed workers is continually increasing (Angiropolis, 2008). In 2004, the Department of Labor in New Hampshire reported a total of 6,901 displaced workers 3,450 males, and 2,641 females. Totaling 18 percent unemployed between the ages of 45-54 and 14 percent between the ages of 55-64 total claims for both groups totaled 4,426 unemployed persons that filed claims, the total for that year 28,000 claims. Current data of unemployment claims indicate a continuum of increase in 2006 reported claims of 6,592, in 2007, 7,536 claims reported. In addition, to the overall increase from 27,612 in 2006 to 35,609 in 2007 an increase of 7,609 between 2004 and 2007 (Angiropolis, 2008). Data of age groups for 2007, yet published, the significance of percentages of unemployed between ages 45-64 in past years indicates 32% of citizens in New Hampshire (Angiropolis, 2008). Previous data-reflecting ageism i n of displaced workers in New Hampshire requires further research in order to determine if there is a relationship between qualities and characteristics of hiring managers to either eliminate or reinforce ageism discrimination. Methods Participants A research study is questionnaires in the form of a survey of 400 random businesses in New Hampshire area to measure the characteristics and capabilities of potential employees. The qualifying participants must be owners, and or hiring managers. Materials and Procedure The research experiment is a self-designed survey to be conducted by telephone to participants. Utilizing the method of a Likert scale the survey seeks to ask hiring manager to list the most significant qualities when deciding to hire persons in their organization or company. This survey asks the participants to rank in order of their comfort level in job applicant capacity; the survey hopes to indicate stereotypical preferences of hiring employees by decision-makers (see Appendix 1). Participating hiring managers will be told the survey is voluntary in nature. If they chose to respond to this study of various decision-making attributes of hiring personal. Participants will also be told of the purpose of this survey instrument (a) educating future generations on how to prepare for employment, (b) the significant qualities, and characteristics that hiring managers are seeking. In addition, this instrument serves and an educational process of teaching the younger generation how to prepare for retirement at an early age. Since ageism appears to be a global issue with emphasis influencing stereotypical attitudes and assumptions of the aging workforce. Future projections of ageism as a deterrent when persons reaching over age 55 become unemployed and are unable to re-enter the workforce. Implications Limitations of the survey are primarily time constraints for this research study. In addition, sample size of respondents may not provided the results this experiment hopes to conclude in terms of stereotypical characteristics of decision-making by hiring managers. Moreover, some of the questions regarding age and gender may not be accurately disclosed by responding participants. Validity of this research is dependent upon honest factual responses by hiring-managers and the designer of the survey. The possibility that the responses are questioned since the validity of responses relies solely on the designer applies to the ethical principles of this researcher and study. A further limitation of this experiment requires permission from the ethics committee of the State Board of Psychologist in New Hampshire prior to the survey’s completion. Discussion Past research implies the validity of discrimination for persons over age 55, including premature termination and difficulty with re-employment. Research exemplifies the existence of negative ageism, yet little research questions the opinions of over 50 persons experiencing the dilemma of forced retirement and the rejection associated with developmental milestones of aging. As a diverse society where prejudices and biases exist from a cultural viewpoint, ageism ranks as a minority group. Perhaps further research addressing methods of creating societal change regarding cultural biases and prejudices can influence negativity around aging and employment. Several articles from peer-review journals provide significant empirical evidence of stereotypical negativity from employers in the workforce. In addition, a conversation with an employee from Employment Security Commission in Manchester, New Hampshire, regarding displaced persons aged 50 and over. Ms. Asselin provided written consent to use specific portions of this conversation for the use of this study. Ms. Asselin, reported, â€Å"I see older client’s everyday, which are more than qualified for positions, and are not employed by the hiring managers.† Most report they are over qualified; several persons are 50 and over. When directly asked the question of age discrimination, she states, â€Å"Definitely, we see this all the time, even though the employers do not mention age† (Asselin, A., personal communication, January 16, 2008). The null hypothesis (Ho) of business owners in New Hampshire is dependent upon the results of the survey data. In terms of validating if ageism characteristics plays a significant role in employer decision-making during the interview process. Thus, validating previous research that ageism is a global social problem. The argument that New Hampshire’s unemployed persons between the ages of 45-60 having difficulties re-entering the workforce is the premises of this research. In addition, if the survey concludes hiring managers display covert discrimination then further research of all New Hampshire business managers may indicate change is needed regarding attitudes towards ageism in the workplace. New Hampshire’s workforce is a fraction of the problem considering past research of age discrimination, research provides data that ageism is a global problem, that will likely increase in the next decade if attitudes do not change (Nelson, 2005). The reality and beliefs of this society indicates the capacity of older workers over age 55 lacks the ability of adequately training capacity. Performance decreases, or often miss work because of illness categorizes a culture of persons (Goldberg, 2000). This assumption and attitude stereotypically tries to diminish a population of persons by stigmatizing ageism. Does this mean that after age 55 and over, the quality of life, experience that this generation of persons provided for many years forced into early retirement and becomes no longer useful to society? Considering the baby boomer population will be the majority of the workforce within the next decade what affect will this impose on society if diminished from the workforce? Directions for the future Although discrimination is illegal, further research of attitudes of hiring managers can predict the affects age discrimination on future generations, the economy, and the healthcare system in New Hampshire. Differentiating whether ageism and discrimination are stereotypical in New Hampshire, is dependent upon the results of the survey. Since this experiment includes a sample of 400 of the potentially 100 plus hiring managers in New Hampshire. Future studies of all business owners, and or hiring managers may provide data that are more significant. More importantly is examining the assumptions that persons over age 55 are incapable of adequate productivity by hiring managers; otherwise, future generations will face the same deterrent attitude if change does not occur. Ultimately, everyone ages, changes in employment policies, decreasing age discrimination, for future generations is imperative. Since research supports ageism in the workforce appears to be a neglected social problem requiring further research of a marginalized population. Appendix 1 Survey Questionnaire Participant’s response indicated by circling one of the selections below, by the designer of the survey. 1. Education level: (a) High school diploma, (b) Some college (c) College graduates (d) Education level does not matter 2. Experience: (a) 1-5 years (b) 6-10 years (c) 11-20 years (d) prefer to conduct your own training. 3. Gender: Males (a) age 21-30 (b) age 31-40 (c) age 41-51 (d) age 51-60 (e) over 60 (f)no preferences Gender: Females (a) age 21-30 (b) age 31-40 (c) age 41-51 (d) age 51-60 (e) over 60 (f)no preferences 4. Appearance: (a) significant (b) somewhat significant (c) little significances (d) no significance 5. Technical ability: (a) significant (b) somewhat significant (c) little significances (d) no significance 6. Assimilation into the team: (a) significant (b) somewhat significant (c) little significances (d) no significance 7. Ability to work independently: (a) significant (b) somewhat significant (c) little significances (d) no significance 8. Professional standards: (a) significant (b) somewhat significant (c) little significances (d) no significance 9. Energy levels: (a) significant (b) somewhat significant (c) little significances (d) no significance 10. Productive peer relationships: (a) significant (b) somewhat significant (c) little significances (d) no significance References Angiropolis, M. (2008). New Hampshire Employment Securitys Economic and Labor Market Information Bureau. New Hampshire Economic Conditions, 108 (1) Retrieved January 16, 2008, from http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:T7mkj4veHl0J:www.nh.gov/nhes/elmi/pdfzip/econanalys/Look_forward/looking%2520forward_measuringunemp.pdf+age+of+unemployed+in+NHhl=enct=clnkcd=1gl=us Bittman, M., Flick, M., Rice, J. (2001). A survey of employers in a high growth industry. Social Policy Research Center: the Recruitment of Older Austrailian Workers. Gringhart, F., Helmes, E., Speelman, C. P. (2005). [Exploring attitudes toward older workers among Austrailain employers. Journal of Aging and Social Policy, 17(3), 85-103. Goldberg, B. (2000). Age Works What Corporate America Must Do to Survive the Graying of the Workforce. New York: The Free Press. MacGregor, D. (2005/​2006). Yes, right to work is fundamental, even for people over 65. Monitor: Economic, Social, and Environmental Perspectives, 12(7), 1-24. Marshall, V. W. (2007). Advancing the sociology of ageism. Social Forces, 86(1), 257-264. Nelson, T. D. (2005). Ageism: Prejudice against our feared future self. Journal of Social Issues, 61(2), 207-221. Palamore, E. B., Branch, L., Harris, Diana. (2005). Cost of ageism. Encyclopedia of Ageism, 80-83. Reio, , Jr. T. G., Sanders-Reio, J. (1999). Combating workplace ageism. Adult Learning, 11(1), 10. 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